{"id":23543,"date":"2023-11-11T12:53:03","date_gmt":"2023-11-11T12:53:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/news.pakistaninewspaperlist.com\/pakistans-women-struggle-to-make-voices-heard-in-climate-change-conversations\/"},"modified":"2023-11-11T12:53:03","modified_gmt":"2023-11-11T12:53:03","slug":"pakistans-women-struggle-to-make-voices-heard-in-climate-change-conversations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pakistaninewspaperlist.com\/news\/pakistans-women-struggle-to-make-voices-heard-in-climate-change-conversations\/","title":{"rendered":"Pakistan\u2019s women struggle to make voices heard in climate change conversations"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><\/p>\n<p>The impact of climate-induced catastrophes doubles on Pakistani women as they are left out of decision-making policies.<\/p>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<p>Forty-year-old beautician, Sonia Arif, a mother of four, is struggling to make ends meet after her husband Arif had to shut his tailoring shop over his inability to pay the monthly rent of Rs40,000.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI am sick of the yelling that has become a norm in my house for the past two years. The unbearable heat has added to my plight. In my next life, I want to be born as a man,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>A resident of one of the most neglected areas in Karachi, Kausar Niazi Colony, along the Gujjar nala, a stormwater drain, Sonia lost her home in 2021 in a huge demolition drive to remove encroached structures throttling the natural waterway. She and her family had no option but to live in rented accommodation.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"media  sm:w-1\/2  w-full  media--right  media--embed  media--uneven\">\n<p>    <iframe class=\"nk-iframe\" onload=\"setInterval(()=&gt;{try{this.style.height=this.contentWindow.document.body.scrollHeight+'px';}catch{}}, 100)\" width=\"100%\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"height:400px;position:relative\" src=\"https:\/\/www.dawn.com\/news\/card\/1698861\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-popups allow-modals allow-forms\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<p>The clogged waterway was blamed for urban flooding in 2020, when large parts of Karachi were submerged after bouts of intense monsoon rainfall which Dr Sardar Sarfaraz, chief meteorologist at the Pakistan Meteorological Department, said was a \u201cclimate-related catastrophe\u201d due to rise in global temperature.<\/p>\n<p>South Asia is particularly susceptible to the impacts of climate change according to the sixth assessment report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) with the region set to experience more extreme weather conditions, including heatwaves and flash floods in the coming decades, with <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stimson.org\/2021\/south-asias-climate-crisis-beckons-a-gender-balanced-policy-approach\/\">serious consequences<\/a> for vulnerable and marginalised populations.<\/p>\n<p>The restricted role and freedom of women in Pakistan has added to their challenges in coping with climate-related extreme events. \u201cClimate change impacts every element of their [women\u2019s] lives: their economic security, marital relationships, and physical well-being,\u201d finds <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.urban.org\/urban-wire\/south-asian-slums-women-face-consequences-climate-change\">research<\/a> conducted by <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.urban.org\/\">Urban Institute<\/a> in the slums of Delhi, Dhaka, Islamabad and Lahore.<\/p>\n<p>Urban planner Dr Nausheen H Anwar, director of the <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"link--external\" href=\"http:\/\/karachiurbanlab.com\/\">Karachi Urban Lab<\/a>, at the Institute of Business Administration, avers with the intersecting roles of race, class and religion on marginalised women who are already burdened by structural dynamics such as poverty, precarious livelihood systems, housing and transportation crises.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhen climate change intersects with these existing vulnerabilities and burdens, we find the woman disproportionately impacted,\u201d she said. However, Dr Anwar said, it was important to recognise and acknowledge that a marginalised man was as exposed to climate impacts, but in \u201cdifferent ways\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>This was endorsed by Dr Arjumand Nizami, country director of Helvetas Swiss Intercooperation, a network of Swiss-based development organisations. \u201cClimate change does not differentiate between genders; both women and men are just as likely to be affected by it.<\/p>\n<p>But due to economic, social, political and cultural inequalities, these unevenly felt challenges are getting harder during climate-induced catastrophes,\u201c said Nizami, who is part of the organisation\u2019s global climate change team.<\/p>\n<p><figure class=\"media  sm:w-full  w-full  media--stretch  \"><figcaption class=\"media__caption  \">Devastating floods, inflation and political instability have pushed hundreds of thousands like Sonia Arif deeper into poverty. \u2014 Photo by author<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h2><a id=\"regressive-rules-add-to-the-suffering\" href=\"#regressive-rules-add-to-the-suffering\" class=\"heading-permalink\" aria-hidden=\"true\" title=\"Permalink\"\/>Regressive rules add to the suffering<\/h2>\n<p>The anti-encroachment drive could not have come at a worse time for many of the working class living in informal settlements. Reeling from a devastating flood last year and backbreaking inflation which stood at <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/markets\/asia\/pakistan-august-cpi-up-274-year-on-year-statistics-bureau-2023-09-01\/\">27.4 per cent<\/a> (in August), a depreciating currency (in July the currency fell 6.2pc) and low foreign reserves compounded by political instability, food, <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thenews.com.pk\/print\/1095986-ogra-hikes-lpg-prices-by-rs24-kg\">gas<\/a> and <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/pakobserver.net\/pakistan-to-increase-petrol-and-diesel-prices-again-from-september-16\/\">fuel<\/a> prices have shot up pushing thousands like Sonia and Arif deeper into the vortex of poverty.<\/p>\n<p>Rakhi Matan, 35, lives in Karachi\u2019s Shirin Jinnah Colony, and works as a domestic help in the adjoining neighbourhood of Clifton. \u201cA woman\u2019s work is never done,\u201d she rued, saying the only time she got to herself was when she went to bed.<\/p>\n<p>During power cuts, men in her neighbourhood go out of their homes, but women must stay indoors. \u201cWe don\u2019t have the luxury to go out; instead, we sit and cook in the dim light of the mobile phone, even if it gets stuffy and hot,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>Few think about clothing and climate change, but it\u2019s a lived reality for women here. \u201cMen can be in their vests and shorts, even take off the vests; while we are forbidden to leave our homes; if we do, we have to drape ourselves in yards of cloth,\u201d grumbled Rahat Shah, 37, mother of 10, living in a three-room rented house in Gulshan-e-Sikandarabad, another informal settlement in Karachi. \u201cWomen observe purdah,\u201d said Shah, who belongs to a Pashtun community which expects strict segregation of men and women.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThere is no need for them to go out, we do all the outside chores for them,\u201d said her 22-year-old son, sitting next to Rahat. \u201cIt\u2019s not even safe, and men look lewdly,\u201d he added. Out of work, the drug addict son believed that compared to his mother and four sisters, their father, a driver in the port, works the hardest.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThey just do the usual cleaning, cooking, washing,\u201d he said dismissively, admitting no male members helped with the housework. \u201cIt\u2019s women\u2019s work,\u201d he shrugged. Once he was out of earshot, his 16-year-old-sister, Shumaila, learning to become an Islamic teacher, whispered that she did not like wearing the burqa. \u201cIt\u2019s cumbersome and stifling to walk around in it, I\u2019d prefer covering my head with a <em>dupatta<\/em>, as it is airier, but I will never be allowed to go out like that,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPatriarchy, misogyny, toxic masculinity and repressed sexuality in Pakistani males makes life extremely difficult to be a female in Pakistan, who bear the brunt everywhere, be it urban, semi-urban, rural, mountainous areas, villages or cities,\u201d said Dr Murad Khan, professor of psychiatry at Aga Khan University Hospital\u2019s Brain and Mind Institute. \u201cNothing has changed \u2014 expectations from women, their performance, or the attitude of men,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"blockquote-level-1\">\n<p>\u201cUnending house chores and elderly\/childcare is compounded by lack of safety in public spaces which keep women indoors,\u201d said Dr Anwar. Climate-related extreme weather makes it worse.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><figure class=\"media  sm:w-full  w-full  media--stretch  \"><figcaption class=\"media__caption  \">Rahat Shah\u2019s room in Gulshan-e-Sikandarabad is like a furnace during summers. \u2014 Photo by author<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h2><a id=\"coping-with-extreme-weather-events\" href=\"#coping-with-extreme-weather-events\" class=\"heading-permalink\" aria-hidden=\"true\" title=\"Permalink\"\/>Coping with extreme weather events<\/h2>\n<p>A recent <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/era.ed.ac.uk\/bitstream\/handle\/1842\/38928\/UNI-ED%20Resilient%20cities%20KARACHI.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y\">research<\/a> by the Karachi Urban Lab (KUL) found that over the past 60 years, Karachi\u2019s daytime temperatures have risen by 1.6 degrees Celsius and nighttime by 2.4 degrees Celsius. Dr Anwar connects the city\u2019s expansion, compaction, and densification to this rise in temperature, intersecting with global warming.<\/p>\n<p>Rahat said this year was hotter than ever, and with a long power outage and huge water shortage, the situation did not get better. \u201cWe need five canisters of 20 litres (each costs Rs35) a day for my family of 12,\u201d she said, which they use for washing clothes and utensils, and bathing. She cooks for a doctor, earning barely Rs12,000 a month.<\/p>\n<p>Living in congested informal settlements like all these women, where houses are so close to each other, that \u201cyou can literally hear each and every conversation of your neighbour,\u201d according to Sonia, and where too many of them live in poorly ventilated homes.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOur homes turn into infernos in summer,\u201d said Sonia. People\u2019s perception of the difference in indoor and outdoor temperature was noted down in the <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/era.ed.ac.uk\/bitstream\/handle\/1842\/38925\/RCCC%20Extreme%20Heat%20and%20COVID.pdf?sequence=1&amp;isAllowed=y\">KUL study<\/a> that was carried out during the Covid-19 lockdown.<\/p>\n<p>The lack of a proper sewerage system spreads water-borne diseases, especially among children. The <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar6\/syr\/downloads\/report\/IPCC_AR6_SYR_SPM.pdf\">IPCC Climate Change 2023 Synthesis Report<\/a> says human mortality and morbidity as well as climate-related food-borne, water-borne diseases and vector-borne diseases have increased due to increased heat.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s either the fever, or stomach infection,\u201d said 29-year-old Aasia Kamran, mother of three, aged 6 years, 4 years and a 9-month-old baby, living in a one-room quarter in Nayabad, Lyari. Working as a part-time house help but now on a break to take care of the baby, she said: \u201cWhen they get sick, it means taking off from work for days causing additional stress as our employers get annoyed; fathers never take off from work or care for the children.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Maria Yaqoob, a 23-year-old student living in the same neighbourhood as Sonia, insisted the role of a woman in a village is easier than those living in shanty towns of Karachi. Not only do village women have open spaces, pointed out Maria, they are self-sufficient.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThey know how to make fuel from dung, carry firewood and water and are adept at running their homes. On the other hand, our lives come to a standstill if we don\u2019t have conveniences like water, gas and electricity,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>For the past two years, both Rakhi and Rahat have started cutting wood from the nearby creek for cooking \u201clike the village women\u201d  when \u201cwe run out of gas in the cylinder\u201d. This new task has added to their workload, said Rakhi. \u201cIt takes me an hour to collect the wood and it will last us just two or three days.\u201d Although it burns her eyes and she uses plastic bags to ignite the fire, knowing well these give out toxic fumes, \u201cbut with gas prices <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dawn.com\/news\/1774847\/gas-rates-to-rise-as-govt-tackles-circular-debt\">getting steeper<\/a> by the day, I have little choice,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe urban women living in informal settlements do not have the skill sets to manage their daily chores, without modern conveniences,\u201d admits Nizami, adding that village women are as much exposed to climate change as their urban counterparts.<\/p>\n<p>Having worked with women in both informal settlements in cities and villages for almost three decades, she said both carried a huge, but different, workload. \u201cBut, for both, their work remains invisible and unrecognised,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>While village women are closer to natural resources, they work for free on their family farm. Mismanagement, thefts and leakages in the utilities and a weak governance system have been exacerbating the impact of climate change on women in urban settings. \u201cCoping with climate-induced heatwaves and long power outages and water shortages (both manmade) get amplified,\u201d she said, adding: \u201cThese things are a big reason for stress among women, who are not only working at home but also employed outside.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Added Rahat, \u201cWomen have to make sure there is enough water, that the food is cooked, and the house is spotless; how they get all of it done without water and electricity is not a man\u2019s problem.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Zoha Alvi, an organiser of Aurat March, an annual socio-political demonstration in Pakistani cities, said political parties and public office holders should be made accountable for not carrying out their responsibilities. \u201cThey should look at the issue of climate change through the lens of intersectionality that needs to be acknowledged and understood as it adds more layers to this important conversation. All the issues will ultimately affect us severely.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><figure class=\"media  sm:w-full  w-full  media--stretch  \"><figcaption class=\"media__caption  \">Women in Pakistan are left out of decision-making policies related to climate change. \u2014 Photo by author<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<h2><a id=\"mental-health-not-a-priority\" href=\"#mental-health-not-a-priority\" class=\"heading-permalink\" aria-hidden=\"true\" title=\"Permalink\"\/>Mental health not a priority<\/h2>\n<p>The <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar6\/syr\/downloads\/report\/IPCC_AR6_SYR_SPM.pdf\">IPCC report<\/a> indicated that \u201cmental health challenges\u201d are associated with increasing temperatures, trauma from extreme events, and loss of livelihoods and culture. \u201cWith increasing social, environmental and manmade problems, the stress on women has increased,\u201d said Dr Khan. But there was little evidence, he pointed out, to say conclusively whether the mental health of rural women was worse than their urban counterparts.<\/p>\n<p>Both mental health and climate change are generally low on the government\u2019s list of priorities. \u201cWhen this happens, then the connection between the two cannot be made by governments, either provincial or national,\u201d said Dr Khan, adding that the governments are engrossed in tiding over other crises \u2014 economic, power, political, security.<\/p>\n<p>Dr Sajjad Ahmad, public health specialist at Koohi Goth Women\u2019s Hospital, said that the floods in 2010 and 2022 brought to the fore how climate-induced catastrophes exacerbate women\u2019s problems when the broken-down health centres are washed away.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe vicious cycle of poverty, lack of education, poor healthcare system and climate change are interlinked, and each exacerbates the other. You cannot take out women\u2019s health and look at it through one lens alone. Poverty combined with illiteracy amplifies health issues for women, especially those who are pregnant.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2><a id=\"designing-city-with-climate-change-in-mind\" href=\"#designing-city-with-climate-change-in-mind\" class=\"heading-permalink\" aria-hidden=\"true\" title=\"Permalink\"\/>Designing city with climate change in mind<\/h2>\n<p>Marvi Mazhar, an architect and climate activist, said it is critical to think of ethical land distribution, improving housing affordability and making the city more livable and breathable. \u201cKarachi has been a power project. It\u2019s been developed in isolation, on land-to-land infrastructure rather than zonal, neighbourhood or in a cluster form,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>Yasmeen Lari, 82, Pakistan\u2019s first woman architect, heading the <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.heritagefoundationpak.org\/Hf\">Heritage Foundation of Pakistan<\/a>, has been designing bamboo houses for people living on the front lines of climate change.<\/p>\n<p>Her design philosophy of \u201czero emissions and zero waste\u201d ensures that the \u201cpoor are seen as partners, keeping women in the lead\u201d. Having worked with women for years in rural areas, she says \u201cthe same principles, but with a bit of modification, can be applied in informal settlements in Karachi\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOur policies, programmes and projects keep little margin for climate-related events,\u201d agreed Dr Noman Ahmed, who heads the Architecture &amp; Management Sciences Department at the NED University of Engineering and Technology, in Karachi. Referring to the Karachi Development Plan 1974-85 as well as several scientific studies thereafter, he said, the administration had been cautioned to keep the periphery of Karachi as pastoral land which was to serve as the food basket for Karachi.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cSadly, the same territory that was to provide the ecological balance, the city badly requires today, has been transformed into real estate,\u201d said Dr Ahmed, adding  that land formations such as natural hills, hillocks and water bodies have either been levelled or reclaimed for commercial development.<\/p>\n<p>Mazhar called for a \u201cdemocratic demarcation\u201d where the city\u2019s residents are given the \u201cauthority to be part of master planning and design development\u201d. Admittedly a radical notion, this green environmental plan requires \u201crethinking development\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><figure class=\"media  sm:w-full  w-full  media--stretch  \"><figcaption class=\"media__caption  \">Women working outdoors, like this sweeper in Clifton, Karachi, are the most impacted during extreme climate events.\u2014 Photo by author<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/p>\n<p>Dr Ahmed said a cultural and lifestyle intervention was needed so that women in informal settlements were able to access public spaces and parks on a regular basis. \u201cThe concept and application of women and children-only bagh [park] is also a good idea,\u201d he suggested, adding that this had found resonance in some planned neighbourhoods of Karachi.<\/p>\n<p>Karachi needs a domestic design system, where economics and maintenance go hand in hand, said Mazhar. This means opting out from the race for the \u2018biggest city\u2019 syndrome, she said, and giving women a greater representation on the table when decisions about the city are being made so that they could have a say on effective solutions.<\/p>\n<p>But till that happens, Dr Khan suggested, women of a neighbourhood can get together, exchange notes, support each other, organise and protest. \u201cTheir collective voice can make a difference,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>Maria recalls how protests against demolitions in Kausar Niazi and Tayyababad colonies united the women, who experienced the immense difficulties of being homeless at the time when the city had been facing extreme weather events.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cFor the first time, we realised there is strength in numbers and we voiced our protest more vociferously,\u201d she said. And \u201ca few hours spent in a lockup\u201d for being part of a peaceful march gave a huge boost to her confidence, she said. \u201cWe don\u2019t want men to speak on our behalf, we have a voice and want to be heard,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n<p>Although they failed in stopping the bulldozers from knocking down their homes, \u201cthe feeling that we were together during this tragedy was comforting,\u201d said Maria.<\/p>\n<p>The report, <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/www.undp.org\/sites\/g\/files\/zskgke326\/files\/migration\/pk\/CLIMATE-EQUITY-Women-as-Agent-of-Change.pdf\">Climate equity: Women as agents of change<\/a>, stresses on gender-sensitive framework for climate-related policies to work towards mitigation and adaptation. Pakistan\u2019s overhauled climate change policies have \u201ccalled for a reappraisal of women\u2019s vulnerability and gender-sensitive objectives to address women\u2019s differentiated burdens in climate stress\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Dr Zulfiqar Bhutta, founding director of the Institute for Global Health and Development and the Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health at the Aga Khan University, has been researching informal settlements of Karachi and rural districts of Sindh for over two decades, primarily on women and children\u2019s health and nutrition.<\/p>\n<p>According to him, many of the social disadvantages for women are compounded by misplaced social norms, restricted mobility and ingrained gender inequalities. \u201cThese can also impact the ability of rural women to adjust their lifestyle during peak summer months. For many of these issues, there is no short-term solution and bringing about a change in mindsets is challenging to say the least. However, we must raise awareness about the impacts of climate change and how to adapt to extreme heat, which are now existential realities,\u201d said Dr Bhutta.<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dawn.com\/news\/1766976\">National Adaptation Plan<\/a>, launched in July this year, has gender and youth cross-cutting themes, highlighting the integration of vulnerable groups in key decision-making bodies related to climate change such as climate councils, environmental agencies, and advisory committees.<\/p>\n<p>For a country grappling with extreme weather patterns, it is important to focus on the vulnerable population and make women\u2019s voices heard.<\/p>\n<p><em>This article was originally published as part of a fellowship grant on <a rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"link--external\" href=\"https:\/\/questionofcities.org\/pakistans-women-struggle-to-make-voices-heard-in-climate-change-conversations\/\">Question of Cities<\/a> and has been reproduced with permission.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr\/>\n<p><em><strong>Header image:<\/strong> Women in Pakistan are left out of decision-making policies related to climate change. \u2014 Photo by author<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The impact of climate-induced catastrophes doubles on Pakistani women as they are left out of decision-making policies. Forty-year-old beautician, Sonia Arif, a mother of four, is struggling to make ends meet after her husband Arif had to shut his tailoring shop over his inability to pay the monthly rent of Rs40,000. \u201cI am sick of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":23544,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/i.dawn.com\/large\/2023\/11\/101508378af8883.jpg?r=151229","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[192],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-23543","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-islamabad-news"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pakistaninewspaperlist.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23543","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pakistaninewspaperlist.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pakistaninewspaperlist.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pakistaninewspaperlist.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pakistaninewspaperlist.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23543"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/pakistaninewspaperlist.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23543\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pakistaninewspaperlist.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23544"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pakistaninewspaperlist.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23543"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pakistaninewspaperlist.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23543"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pakistaninewspaperlist.com\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23543"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}